Tag Archives: Pneumothorax

Radiology Rounds – 3/12/24

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A #RadiologyRounds case with 3 different imaging modalities! A 65+ year old man never smoker, former marathoner has had 2-3 years of progressive non-productive, incessant cough with decreasing exercise tolerance. Some select CT scan slices are below

You are considering multiple etiologies including airway bleeding, pneumothorax, and hemothorax. You grab an ultrasound and perform a lung / pleural POCUS. Here is what you see

The long POCUS shows an area of lung sliding and an area without any lung sliding. This is called lung point and is diagnostic of a pneumothorax. To get a better look at this, you can use M-mode.

A CXR confirmed the finding of a pneumo. He was trialed on 100% oxygen but repeat CXR showed the pneumothorax was expanding. He had a chest tube placed with re-expansion of his lung and no air leak. It was able to be removed the next morning without incident

Here is our algorithm for pneumothorax!

Both BAL and tbbx returned positive for MAI complex. He was HIV neagative. Given his persistent and bothersome symptoms, he was started on treatment for pulmonary MAC with a macrolide, ethambutol and a rifamycin with plan for 6 months of therapy. He improved with this

Radiology Rounds – 2/14/23

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What better way to celebrate Valentine’s Day than with a new #RadiologyRounds?! We think it is time for a Lung-centered holiday, but until then enjoy this case.

The patient’s pneumothorax was managed conservatively with observation and temporary 100% oxygen via a non-rebreather for nitrogen washout. The consolidations and effusion were concerning, so the patient had a CT chest performed.

Radiology Rounds – 5/31/22

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We are excited to bring you another #RadiologyRounds which applies some of the knowledge from our most recent episode on pneumothorax.

She is presenting with a 1.5 cm left pneumothorax. You can see lucency representing air in the pleural space. There are a lack of blood vessels or lung markings extending to the periphery and you can see the visceral pleura.

She is presenting with her first pneumothorax which is a small, spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to her underlying cystic lung disease. She was managed conservatively and followed closely outpatient with ultimate resolution of her pneumothorax.

17. Top Consults: Pneumothorax

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This week on Pulm PEEPs we are resuming our Top Consults series with a common pulmonary presentation that can range from incidental to life-threatening: pneumothorax. We will talk through three different cases and review assessments and common management strategies. Make sure to subscribe to our show wherever you listen to podcasts, rate and review us, and visit our website to catch up on all our old content.

Meet Our Guests

Christine Argento is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital and specializes in Interventional Pulmonology.

Charlie Murphy received his medical degree from LSU School of Medicine in New Orleans and completed his internal medicine residency at the Montefiore-Einstein Internal Medicine Residency Program. He is currently a Pulmonary and Critical Care fellow at New York-Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center, where he is one of the chief fellows.

Consult Patients

Barry is a 26-year-old man who came to the emergency department with acute onset of shortness of breath. He is tachypneic to 26, saturating 88% on RA so he was put on NC and is now 95% at 4L, HR 120, BP 145/85. There is only limited history but he reports he has never had anything like this before. His CXR shows a pneumothorax 5cm from the apex.

Larry is a 22-year-old man with normal HR and BP, saturating 96% on RA and breathing 14 x a minute. He has a CXR that shows a small pneumothorax. He has no past medical history and has never had a pneumothorax before, but he is a 1 PPD smoker and smokes marijuana.

Carrie is a 54-year-old woman who has been admitted with a COPD exacerbation. She has a history of emphysema, is not on home oxygen, and came in 2 days ago with worsening dyspnea and increased productive cough. She has been being treated with nebulizers every 4 hours, azithromycin, steroids, and supplemental O2 at 2L NC/ minute and never required NIPPV. This morning she had a coughing spell and significant chest pain and a CXR shows a moderate-sized left-sided pneumothorax. She is on 10L NC now with tachypnea to 26, and HR 105 but stable blood pressure.

Key Learning Points

Management options for a persistent air leak

— Conservative management: continue chest tube to suction

— Heimlich valve – can discharge a patient with this valve if they are stable to water seal, but don’t tolerate clamping

— Blood patch – inject the patient’s own blood into the chest tube to try to heal any pleural defect

— Chemical pleurodesis – inject talc powder, doxycycline, or another substance through the chest tube to cause pleural irritation and closure of the pleural space

— Endobronchial valve – off-label use

— VATS – surgical pleurodesis, resection of blebs

References and links for further reading

  1. Baumann MH, Strange C, Heffner JE, et al. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus statement. Chest. 2001;119(2):590-602. doi:10.1378/chest.119.2.590
  2. Bintcliffe OJ, Hallifax RJ, Edey A, et al. Spontaneous pneumothorax: time to rethink management? Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(7):578-588. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00220-9
  3. Brown SGA, Ball EL, Perrin K, et al. Conservative versus Interventional Treatment for Spontaneous Pneumothorax. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(5):405-415. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1910775
  4. MacDuff A, Arnold A, Harvey J. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65(Suppl 2):ii18-ii31. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.136986
  5. Sahn SA, Heffner JE. Spontaneous pneumothorax. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(12):868-874. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003233421207
  6. Tschopp JM, Bintcliffe O, Astoul P, et al. ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(2):321-335. doi:10.1183/09031936.00219214
  7. Zarogoulidis P, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, et al. Pneumothorax: from definition to diagnosis and treatment. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6(Suppl 4):S372-S376. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.24

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